{"id":7718,"date":"2015-03-06T14:58:09","date_gmt":"2015-03-06T19:58:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/greenbugenergy.com\/?page_id=7718"},"modified":"2022-05-30T12:25:06","modified_gmt":"2022-05-30T17:25:06","slug":"control-panels","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/greenbugenergy.com\/shop-hydro\/shop-hydro-products-services\/control-panels","title":{"rendered":"Control Panels"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
GreenBug Energy has developed the following Fixed Speed Control Panels for our grid tied Archimedes screw generator systems.<\/p>
Our Fixed Speed Induction Generator Controls Panels are designed for interconnection with the utility for either net metering or revenue producing applications such as Feed in Tariff programs.<\/p>
Panels are available in various combinations of 1 phase, 3 phase, 460\/480 and 575\/600 volt with SEL 547 and SEL 700GT protection schemes. Generator power out values from 1 to 191 kW single phase and 1 to 298 kW three phase.<\/p>
All panels use 3 phase induction motors as a grid connected Induction Generator to produce either 1 or 3 phase power. Single phase induction motors cannot be used as generators. Three phase motors used to produce single phase power use run capacitors arranged to put the generator in a \u201cbalanced\u201d condition.<\/p>
Each of the panels ships with 1) a single line drawing and component list and 2) a Philosophy and Control Document. (in the door of the panel)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
The induction generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
A grid tied induction generator also known as an asynchronous generator is a type of AC electrical generator that uses the principles of induction motors to produce electrical power. Any regular 3 phase AC asynchronous motor usually can be used as a generator without any internal modifications. Induction generators are most commonly used in applications such as pico, micro, and mini hydro power plants and wind turbines.<\/p>
When an induction motor is connected to an excitation source (the utility) it is capable of operating as a motor or as a generator. If the shaft is allowed to rotate at a speed below synchronous, the machine will attempt to operate as a motor. If the speed of the shaft is driven above 1800 rpm (4 pole motor) the machine will start to export electricity. The prime mover (e.g. Water turbine, or wind turbine) provides the energy using renewable a fuel (wind or water) to force the generator past its slip rpm.<\/p>
An inherent feature of the asynchronous induction generator is that frequency is stabilized by the utility line frequency (50 or 60Hz depending which part of the world you live in). Magnetism required for generation is created in the generator by reactive current flowing into the circuit from the utility.<\/p>
When this reactive current is present the rotor within the generator is said to be \u201cmagnetically locked\u201d to the utility. As the actual rotor speed when generating \u201cslips\u201d forward and turns slightly faster than 1800 rpm the generator will follow the utility line frequency. Our grid tied generating system cannot generate independent of the distribution system. When grid utility power is lost, the generator stops producing electricity.<\/p>
Utility line voltage levels stabilize the voltage level from the induction generator. As the generator is very small in terms of the load (the grid) it is pushing against, voltages levels at the Point of Common Coupling will not be affected.<\/p>
It is recommended having a slightly higher generator nameplate voltage then the service it is connecting to. For example a 480 volt generator should be used on a 460 volt electrical service. If a generator with a higher voltage rating is not available, stepping down the voltage with a transformer is another acceptable method. It is also recommend using only WYE (Star) wound motors as generators.<\/p>
The operation of the generator is such that a lagging power factor may be experienced at the PCC (Point of Common Coupling). Generally this is not a concern. Utilities (such as Hydro One in Ontario, Canada) do not require power factor correction on small induction machines less than 30kw in output capacity.<\/p>
If necessary, power factor correction will be applied in the form of capacitance to raise the DG (Distributed Generation) facility\u2019s power factor at the PCC to a level acceptable by the LDC (Local electric Distribution Company). Terminals for Power Factor Correction connection are provided in all panels with generator output larger than 30kw\u2019s.<\/p>
Panels have input for various switched protection elements such as oil level switches, vibration and temperature switches. If a switch is opened the system will disconnect from the utility. Switches are not supplied with the panels. A generator circuit breaker is also standard on all panels.<\/p>
Grid and Generator protection are controlled by a CSA and UL certified Distributed Generation Interconnection Relay by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, model SEL-547 or SEL-700GT. The SEL relays meet Protection and Control Elements required by IEEE 1547. This relay monitors all aspects of frequency and voltage and will disconnect generator in the event of abnormal voltage levels, frequency levels sensed from the grid.<\/p>
SEL 547 protective features<\/strong> SEL 700GT protective features<\/strong> The panels are designed as per IEEE 1547 and cover varying ranges of utility\/generator protection from minimal to maximum interconnection protection. All Panels are made in Canada and are built to CSA and UL specifications and will bear a label as such. Standard Gravolply labels, standard wire labels and standard TEW wire in Canadian color code unless other color coding requested (USA Destin panels). Components included are AB, ABB, Hammond, Mersen, SEL, Enerpro, Powerex, Weidmuller, Omron and Schneider.<\/p> All panels are programmed and tested prior to shipment on an actual induction generator. Both the PLC and SEL Relay are programmed and tested. Basic (standard) programming provides automatic generator control (generator will self-start) and has additional inputs for mechanical safety switches. From startup the control panel can be stopped (stop push button) and manually restarted (start button) for system testing and manual control. In the event of a power failure the system will restart automatically.<\/p> Panel and Protection scheme drawings can be provided for all panels upon request. Ordered panels come complete with a Panel drawing, Control Schematics drawing, Firing Board drawing, SEL relay drawing, PLC drawing, and BOM (bill of materials) as well as backup PLC programming and SEL relay settings sheet. Panels are not supplied with programming cables for either the SEL Relay, or PLC. These can be purchased by you from SEL or Allen Bradley.<\/p> Greenbug recommends the use of a preprogrammed Baumer Rotary shaft encoder for generator shaft speed communication with the Control Panel. This Rotary Shaft encoder has additional protection for over speed sensing as well as loss of encoder\/encoder fault detection. For an 1800rpm generator application this encoder will still send signals during over speeds of up to 4x synchronous speed. Panels are preprogrammed for use only with this encoder. Other speed measuring devises may be used but additional programming charges would apply.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t All panels have an electrical circuit for a mechanic brake. This AC power safety brake can be either generator mounted, or mounted in another location on your equipment. A brake is not included with the control panel and should be sized accordingly for your application.<\/p> Greenbug fully tests each panel before it is shipped to the end user. It is highly recommend that the end user have someone with adequate technical knowledge of PLC programming and electrical control systems for start-up or adjustment of programming. This can be done remotely however it is far more difficult than having a qualified individual on site. SEL relay settings are based on Hydro One Networks most recent Technical Interconnection requirements, but can be easily suited to local interconnection requirements.<\/p> These panels do not have a Human Machine Interface (HMI). Greenbug sells the same panels it uses on its own generators. Our systems are built to last, and the key to longevity and cost reduction is simplicity. HMI\u2019s although pretty to look at, add another level of complexity to the equipment that is not warranted in most situations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Control Panelsfrom 1 to 191 kw single phase, and 1 to 298 kw three phase. Introduction GreenBug Energy has developed the following Fixed Speed Control Panels for our grid tied Archimedes screw generator systems. Our Fixed Speed Induction Generator Controls Panels are designed for interconnection with the utility for either net metering or revenue producing … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"parent":86,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"\n
\u2013 Undervoltage Relay (27)
\u2013 Directional Power Relay (32)
\u2013 Overvoltage Relay (59)
\u2013 Over Frequency Relay (81O)
\u2013 Under Frequency Relay (81U)<\/p>
\u2013 Undervoltage Relay (27)
\u2013 Directional Power Relay (32)
\u2013 Directional Power Relay \u2013 Reactive Power (32R)
\u2013 Instantaneous Overcurrent Phase (50P)
\u2013 Instantaneous Overcurrent Ground (50G)
\u2013 AC Time Overcurrent Relay Phase (51P)
\u2013 AC Time Overcurrent Relay Ground (51G)
\u2013 Overvoltage Relay (59)
\u2013 Over Frequency Relay (81O)
\u2013 Under Frequency Relay (81U)
\u2013 Rate-of-change-of-frequency Relay (81R)<\/p>Certification and Design of Panel<\/h2>
Programming and Testing<\/h2>
Panel Drawings<\/h2>
Shaft Speed Encoder \u2013 optional<\/h2>
Brake Control<\/h2>
Onsite Commissioning and Initial Start-up<\/h2>
HMI<\/h2>